Publications

Minimum income schemes in Europe

This study describes and compares minimum income schemes in five European countries: Belgium (Flanders), Denmark, France, Germany, and the United Kingdom. It considers minimum income schemes aimed at three groups: persons of working age, pensioners, and households with children. We describe the structure of the minimum income schemes in these countries, their shares of recipients, their non-take-up, and we reconstruct the effective minimum income level that these minimum income schemes provide.