Publications
Air access to remote Finnish and European regions
Air access to remote areas with low passenger demand often relies on public subsidies, such as public service obligations (PSOs), to maintain essential connectivity. This study of three Finnish routes shows that aviation services are not commercially viable without significant support, with subsidies and cross-subsidies covering about three-quarters of airfare costs. The resulting economic impact on the remote regions, estimated at €19 million, mirrors the size of the subsidies provided.
2025-72
Economic Contribution of Copyright Industries in the Netherlands – a study based on the WIPO Guide
This study measures the economic contribution of industries for which copyright is relevant using the methodology as defined in the Guide of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO).
2025-30
Destination 2050
The updated DESTINATION 2050 roadmap outlines the aviation sector’s renewed pathway toward net zero CO2 emissions by 2050, building on the original 2021 strategy. Based on bottom-up analysis using the SEO NetCost model, the report assesses the impact and cost of key emission reduction measures. It identifies five main sources of CO2 reductions, including advances in technology, alternative fuels, and economic measures.
2025-48
The economic impact of Luxembourg airport; a quickscan
This quick scan quantifies the economic impact of Luxembourg airport. LUX’s total economic impact within Luxembourg amounts to approximately €6.5 billion in gross domestic product and 55 thousand jobs. The additional impact on neighbouring countries adds €2.7 billion and 35 thousand jobs.
2025-29
Then only Two Wise Men came from the East: a Reduction in the Tax Subsidy for High-skilled Immigrants
Many European countries have tax incentives to attract high-skilled immigrants. In 2019, the Netherlands has reduced the duration of the tax subsidy from eight to five years. This paper analyzes the effect of this reduction on the inflow of high-skilled immigrants.
102
Mid-term evaluation of RVO’s Climate and Energy Response Facility (CERF)
Can ‘climate diplomacy’ via Dutch embassies help to speed up climate mitigation and climate adaptation in partner countries? SEO’s recent evaluation of RVO’s Climate and Energy Response Facility (CERF) suggests that it can, under certain conditions. SEO also offers several recommendations to make this instrument more relevant, effective, and efficient.
2025-04
The economic and social impact of European airports and air connectivity
SEO was commissioned by ACI EUROPE to assess the regional economic and broad impact of airports.
2024-125A
Transition challenges for the Dutch retail sector
This study explores the investment needs of the Dutch retail sector in view of the challenges and opportunities arising from the Triple Transformation. The main finding of this study shows that the retail sector needs additional investments of about 1.2 per cent of turnover per year to realise its goals regarding sustainability, digitalisation, and talent development.
2024-67b
International opportunities in the energy transition
This study identifies international earning opportunities for Dutch business sectors operating within the energy transition.
2024-83
Advisory services SEO – Development of PUM’s MEL system and new ToC
During the period from February to July 2023, SEO provided advisory services to enhance the Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning (MEL) system of the PUM Netherlands Senior Experts (PUM).
2023-81