Publications

Air access to remote Finnish and European regions

Air access to remote areas with low passenger demand often relies on public subsidies, such as public service obligations (PSOs), to maintain essential connectivity. This study of three Finnish routes shows that aviation services are not commercially viable without significant support, with subsidies and cross-subsidies covering about three-quarters of airfare costs. The resulting economic impact on the remote regions, estimated at €19 million, mirrors the size of the subsidies provided.