Publications

Report

Air access to remote Finnish and European regions

Air access to remote areas with low passenger demand often relies on public subsidies, such as public service obligations (PSOs), to maintain essential connectivity. This study of three Finnish routes shows that aviation services are not commercially viable without significant support, with subsidies and cross-subsidies covering about three-quarters of airfare costs. The resulting economic impact on the remote regions, estimated at €19 million, mirrors the size of the subsidies provided.

Aviation Competition Policy analysis and projections

2025-72

Discussion paper

The causal effect of paternity leave on the gender earnings gap: evidence from the Netherlands

This paper analyses the causal impact of paternity leave on the household income shares of mothers. We conclude that that paternity leave does not improve the mother’s income share and, in that sense, does not reduces the gender earnings gap.

Labour market Policy analysis and projections Healthcare